Apart from the standard PSTN phone system, VoIP has not had centuries to develop its operations, and authorities have had limited opportunity to enact standardized interception legislation across multiple countries. Additionally, there’s no single type of VoIP. Each provider implements it differently, which presents a challenge for government bodies wishing to apply the same rules that apply to traditional telephone networks to VoIP. Hence, there’s a patchwork of laws that vary across borders. However, new patents filed by VoIP-Pal, attempt to address this issue by allowing authorized agencies to wiretap VoIP communications using a process described as Lawful Interception Solutions.
Call interception is difficult for several reasons. A person's phone number no longer indicates their location.Secondly, because IP packets can take any routing, there’s no single "line" that can be tapped. If an interception is required, it must be done by the service provider. It's not out of the question that all VoIP service providers will be required to pass over data in response to a valid court order.
However, SIP has some puzzling complications. Any decentralized system is inconvenient for policing. Each VoIP service framework is distinct. If all communication is routed through a central server, traffic data can be easily seen without encryption. After all, traffic enters and exits at one spot. In reality, however, emerging VoIP technologies increasingly rely on decentralized models in which traffic and even signaling data are sent directly between two nodes via P2P systems.
Intercepting VoIP calls becomes extremely difficult because there’s no central location for data to transit through. There’re a few workarounds, but they all need all VoIP software to adhere to particular standards. This is problematic, given the abundance of open-source software and clients that anyone can alter to suit their particular needs. Finally, it appears as though law enforcement agencies will have to adjust to their diminished power and the assurance of being able to tap VoIP calls. And this is without even considering high-end encryption.
Security is implemented differently by different service providers. Determine what security precautions your SIP provider has implemented to protect your privacy.
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